Demands Quotes
Every major Western power and Japan were looking to control parts of China for their own mercantile advantage. The Emperor, her adopted son, had stated that under no circumstances would the Chinese fight, but Cixi issued this decree, in effect, overruling the Emperor—a remarkable occurrence.
After being surrounded by the Germans for seven days at what would later be called the Battle of the Bulge, a German officer notified the Americans that they would accept their surrender. McAuliffe’s one word response summed up the resolve of the Americans who were surrounded. The Americans managed to hold the line and defeat the German’s last major offensive of World War II.
Although the note was sent under Smith’s signature as Secretary of State, it was actually written by President James Madison. Smith was not particularly competent, and Madison personally authored most critical diplomatic correspondence during his administration until he replaced Smith with James Monroe.