Fugitives, Runaways Quotes
She had escaped, met and married another slave, and they cleverly escaped to England with her posing as the white owner of her husband. She was the daughter of a Black slave and her white master who kept his own daughter in bondage.
At the time immigrants had to live in America 14 years before they were eligible for citizenship. The President urged a reduction in that waiting period which is what was done. This was one of the earliest statements of America as a haven to the oppressed of the world. Note that despite occasional squabbles over land use and theft, the general assessment of the President and the public was that the Indians although not as civilized had welcomed the whites with “hospitality.” The next years would produce the conflict for land and begin the massive usurpation of Indian land that would characterize American policy and practice until the latter half of the 20th century, buy which time there was little Indian land left.
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The Free African Society was the first Negro organization in America. It was a non-denominational mutual aid society that assisted its members and fugitive slaves and new Negro migrants to the city of Philadelphia.
What makes this quotation so historically interesting is that the abiding by the Supreme Court’s decisions on constitutionality was even an issue. It was because of the terrible Dred Scott decision which required Northern States to return fugitive slaves to their owners despite the constitutions of those states which stated that all men were free. A substantial part of the Democratic Party was the “solid South” and the return of fugitive slaves was one of the major issues of the 1860 Presidential Election. Ironically, the Southern States were arguing AGAINST states’ rights when the Northern States’ laws and Constitutions made fugitive slaves free the minute they set foot in the state.
This Biblical Quotation was one of the main reasons that Christian religious abolitionists were so active in the Underground Railroad and other efforts to assist and harbor fugitive slaves. It was also a motivating force for those states which passed laws making a slave free the second he set foot in the state. It was cited by many of those Northerners refusing to follow the Federal Fugitive Slave Act even after the Supreme Court upheld it in the Dred Scott decision. The act required them to return a fugitive slave to his master. This clearly violated this passage of the Bible. and the concept of States Rights. The Southern States which pushed the Fugitive Slave Act through Congress and complained bitterly when it was ignored by many Northern States were never able to provide any refute to the argument that because of this passage, following the act would be violating the law of God. The South which viewed itself as a bastion of Christianity, never were troubled by this passage when they passed state laws requiring the return of fugitive slaves. It illustrates the hypocrisy that slavery forced upon its advocates.
This was one of the first opportunities that Congress had to legislate on the slavery issue. The Southerners were adamantly opposed to this article although by previous agreement the issue of slavery in the original 13 states could not be interfered with. Majority sentiment of the nation at the time was opposed to extending slavery into the territories. The second part of the quotation shows however, that the slavery in the Southern States would not be undermined by allowing fugitive slaves to escape into the territories, so there was a compromise of sorts that pushed the inevitable clash over slavery off. Compromise and struggle ensued for 70 years until it finally erupted as the Civil War.
For a slave to run away, capital punishment was not only authorized, but ANY white could execute the runaway, without even a trial. Needless to say that many slaves who were not runaways were killed.
Many free Negroes of the day did not have the paperwork, education, , sophistication, or access to attorneys that could prove that they were free. Scheming Southerner slave owners would go north find poor ignorant free blacks and swear that they ran away from their plantation. If the victim could not prove the contrary, he was enslaved, transported South and usually sold.
There was little thought of emancipating slaves or their value to the South by the senior officers of the Union Army at the beginning of the war. The Secretary of War changed that. See {629183}for a typical Union General’s view at the beginning of the war.
In the early days of the Civil War slaves who escaped and reached the Northern lines were routinely returned to their Southern owners as the Fugitive Slave Act required. The first actual emancipation of the Civil war was not the President’s proclamation but was Butler who as a Union General ordered that the slaves escaping from Virginia no longer be returned. He was accused of violating the then existing law, however he had a legal rationale which hoisted Virginia on its own petard.
Mittleberger wrote a treatise warning his countrymen of the problems in Pennsylvania where many German youth were coming as indentured servants and apprentices.
The issue of slavery was coming to a head. Northern states began passing laws like this making it a criminal offence for a government official to aid in the recovery of future slaves. Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New York and Rhode Island all passed similar statutes. The Rhode Island law is still in existence.
