Expenditure Control Quotes
This principle survives to this day in the United States and many other countries. Money may only be spent by the Executive Branch without the modern equivalent of “a decree of the senate”—an appropriation bill.
President Jefferson in 1803, in the first instance of presidential impoundment, deferred for a few months the building of gunboats for which Congress had appropriated funds. In 1876 the President actually refused to spend the congressionally appropriated funds for river and harbor improvements in the midst of bad economic times:
This is not unique to government but exists in most corporations large enough to have bureaucracies.
1st Viscount Snowden