Constitutional Stability Quotes
The Presidential election of 1800 produced a crisis even greater than that of 2000. There was an Electoral College tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr—both of the same party, Democratic Republicans. The Federalist Party led by President John Adams had been totally rejected by the voters and Adams was in third place. However, the Federalists saw an opportunity of maintaining the Presidency anyway. The Constitution threw the election into the House of Representatives with each State delegation having a single vote. In the House, the Federalists had parity with Jefferson’s party which resulted in 35 tie votes. Finally, Congressman Bayard, the sole Congressman from Delaware, withheld his vote on the 36th ballot, thereby electing Thomas Jefferson of the opposition party. His reason was:
This commission was the intellectual forerunner of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and McCarthyism. Metternich called a conference of the heads of all the German states to deal with what they perceived as a dangerous liberalism enveloping German society. Metternich did not personally draft all the resolutions but he controlled the conclave and all the resolutions which are usually ascribed to him.
The quotation he gives from the first Chief Justice is from McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819. The issue is one that has divided jurists and politicians ever since the Constitution was ratified was should it be interpreted literally giving credence only to that which the framers specifically intended or as Hughes, Marshall and most modern interpreters believe that the principles should be interpreted in the light of the times. The Founding Fathers never envisaged an Internet or a potential enemy who could kill millions of Americans without sending large contingents of soldiers to our shores.