14th Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment Quotes
Professor Egerton documents how successful Reconstruction was in radically changing the positions of Blacks in the South. He points out that it was so effective that a hate-filled, racist group of Southern White terrorists, with murder, arson, torture and intimidation took over many of the governments of the South while President Andrew Johnson, who although he believed in the Union, was himself an inveterate racist and opponent of emancipation, would not use the force of the Federal Government to bring the terrorists to justice. (The KKK leaders were known in every state and county). They successfully overthrew Reconstruction and set the process back by 100 years.
Plessy v. Ferguson was one of the worst Supreme Court Decisions in American history. It held that states could provide and/or mandate racially segregated facilities and institutions so long as they were equal.
This proposed Amendment would also have repealed the 14th and 4th Andmendments
The 14th Amendment made the Black slaves and their families all citizens as most people know, but it had two other important aspects. It prohibited the individual states from deciding who who was and was not a citizen of the country and the state. In addition, it guaranteed that anyone born in the United States was a citizen regardless of the status of his parents—citizens or not, illegal immigrants or legal.
In the fall session when the legislatures reconvened, there were in many Southern States aggressive attacks on Blacks to suppress their various attempts at equality. Often violence was paramount and Blacks would turn to the President to enforce their equal protection rights of the 14th Amendment which the white Southerners then (and some now) resented. Grant stood up for the principle of enforcement of the 14th Amendment but had little resources to enforce the constitution.
This statement has been broadly criticized for being factually incorrect and a contorted interpretation of the constitution and American values. See linked quote(s) for examples.
It is surprising that this long after the Civil War had ended, there was a select Congressional Committee for dealing with matters involving the Confederate States. Note the quaint language that was used.