TOWNSEND HARRIS

It will be quite satisfactory if you open them gradually, as the circumstances may require; but the President assures you that this will not be the case if you make a treaty with England first.

If you make a treaty first with the United States and settle the matter of the opium trade, England cannot change this, though she should desire to do so.

The nations of the West hope that by means of steam communication all the world will become as one family.

Japan and China are isolated and without intercourse with other countries; hence the President directed me to attend to or watch the state of affairs in China also.

By means of steam one can go from California to Japan in eighteen days.

Any nation that refuses to hold intercourse with other nations must expect to be excluded from this family.

If Japan had been near to either England or France, war would have broken out long ago.

In time of war steamships and improved arms are the most important things.

When the ambassadors of other foreign countries come to Japan to make treaties, they can be told that such and such a treaty has been made with the ambassador of the United States, and they will rest satisfied with this.

The President of the United States thinks that for the Japanese opium is more dangerous than war.

We do not wish to open your ports to foreign trade all at once.

Since the invention of steamships distant countries have become like those that are near at hand.

The President regards the Japanese as a brave people; but courage, though useful in time of war, is subordinate to knowledge of arts; hence, courage without such knowledge is not to be highly esteemed.

The President wishes the Japanese to be very prudent about the introduction of opium, and if a treaty is made, he wishes that opium may be strictly prohibited.

It appears that the English think the Japanese... are fond of opium, and they want to bring it here also.

We were sent to this country by the President, who desires to promote the welfare of Japan, and are quite different from the ambassadors of other countries.

In case of war, a treaty would have to be made at the end of the war.

The expense of a war could be paid in time; but the expense of opium, when once the habit is formed, will only increase with time.

If war should break out between England and Japan, the latter would suffer much more than the former.

The United States have no possessions in the east and do not desire to have any, as other countries do.

As the treaty made with the United States was the first treaty entered into by your country with other countries, therefore the President regards Japan with peculiar friendliness.

Two things are desired in order that intercourse may be had: First, that a minister or agent be allowed to reside at the capital. Second, that commerce between different countries be freely allowed.

If I write in my name to the agents of England and France residing in Asia and inform them that Japan is ready to make a commercial treaty with their countries, the number of steamers will be reduced from fifty to two or three.

The President is of opinion that if Japan makes a treaty with the United States, all other foreign countries will make the same kind of a treaty, and Japan will be safe thereafter.

We demand unrestricted trade between the merchants of both countries in all articles except gold and cereals, without any official interference.