ROGER NASH BALDWIN
Baldwin was a young lawyer at the time. He represented a shipload of ex-slaves who had taken over their Spanish slave ship and landed in America. The Spanish claimed, the ship owners and some of the crew all claimed the “property.”
Baldwin had written a book praising revolutionary communism in Russia, but like many other American socialists, grew disillusioned with Russian Communism and Joseph Stalin’s dictatorship especially when in 1939 the Russians became allied with Hitler and Germany. Russia’s repression of civil liberties was far worse than anything he had seen in America. He was so negative about Russian Communism that in the early 1940s, he ejected all members of the Communist Party from membership in the ACLU.
A teacher had been arrested and threatened with jail because he had taught Darwin’s Theory of Evolution in a high school science class. The ACLU paid for famed attorney, Clarence Darrow, to defend Scopes in the famous trial that exposed the ignorance and bias of the schools that prohibited teaching about evolution as it contravened the Protestant fundamentalist Biblical version of the creation of humans. While the ACLU had a major victory, even today many school systems—mostly in the South—still prohibit such teaching and while no teacher can be jailed, they can be fired for not following the curriculum of the local school board.
Roger Nash Baldwin was one of the founders of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). He served as executive director of the ACLU until 1950.