KAREN STENNER
This seems counter intuitive, but Stenner is not referring to the reaction of all people. She argues that such programs do not change the behavior of those who are already tolerant and accept multiculturalism and pluralism, and and often backfire with people we would like to be more tolerant because the primary reason for their intolerance is an authoritarian personality. These people cannot fare well with all the differences and little that is structured as right. She and others who have had experience with authoritarian personalities urge that we not try and persuade the of the desirability of allowing a society to have many different cultures with no dominant norm. Instead, they urge that programs to make authoritarian personalities behave with tolerance is to take a very rigid and authoritarian approach. The Government has made laws that requires all American citizens to be tolerant of different races, genders, cultures, sexual orientation. To maintain the unity of our society, we all most behave that way. Liberals, often find this hard to do as to them tolerance is such a fundamental value that everyone should accept it as desirable and see its virtue—they want hearts and minds. Steiner argues that they should forget about hearts and minds reading tolerance. With authoritarian personalities, get the behavior and leave it at that. For them the moral appeal is to obey the law.
She pointed out that the contribution that demographics make to determine intolerance is small when compared with the personality characteristics of the individual. So uneducated white males or Christian Evangelists have much tolerance variability within those groups. Some have authoritarian personalities and these tend to be the intolerant people.
Her research showed that authoritarian personality people tended to be intolerant, but if they were in a highly structured culture with unifying norms and themes they would be more comfortable and less intolerant.
Karen Stenner is a political scientist specializing in political psychology. Stenner has studied the political activation of authoritarian personality types, and how that activation explains the contemporary success of some authoritarian political figures as well as enduring conflicts between some individuals and the broad tolerance that characterizes liberal democracy.