AHMET T. KURU


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Ahmet T. Kuru

In the history of Western countries, democratization began despite the existing patriarchy. Gender equality can be seen as an effect, rather than a cause or necessary condition, of democratization.
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Ahmet T. Kuru

Secularism is the crucial difference between Turkey and the rest of the Muslim world.
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The Ataturk reforms modernized Turkey and turned it into the most modern and democratic of the Islamic countries. However, there were always forces and populist governments that tried to erode the Ataturk reforms—especially secularism.

Ahmet T. Kuru

A state becomes “rentier” if oil, gas, and mineral rents constitute over 40 percent of its revenues…. This maintains the rulers.
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If a state has substantial natural resources, the rulers and their close supporters can generate enough revenue for themselves without worrying about the industrialization of the nation, education, economic development which requires the health and education of the population. As a result, while “rentier” states seem rich, they very rarely improve the quality of life of most of their citizens.

Ahmet T. Kuru

Rulers of rentier states do not financially depend on taxation; therefore, the people cannot use taxation as leverage to make rulers accountable. In contrast, people in rentier states are dependent on governmental allocation of rentier revenue, which creates a patron–client relationship as well as a lack of independent political, economic, and civil society.
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See {641863} for an explanation of the term “rentier state”.

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