Divine Law Quotes
While Aquinas brought much wisdom and good to the Church, this statement and others laid a foundation for murdering non-believers and organizing the Inquisition.
This quotation is probably the beginning of the false charge that liberalism always rejects God and divine law. Most liberals, since the term has been used, have been religious and even those who were not did not see liberalism as necessarily antithetical towards religion. However, most doctrines of liberality had toleration and religious freedom as part of its foundation. To authoritarian religious leaders who did not believe in toleration (see {609037}) the very toleration of dissenters is tantamount to dissent. Today, for example, many liberals tolerate atheists and non Christian religions even though most are Christians themselves. To some narrow conservatives, this principle of toleration is therefore equivalent to being against religion. To others, modern liberal belief of separation of church and state is seen as anti religious.
The defense of slavery in this Instruction is not a defense of the racial slavery that was prevalent in the South prior to the Civil War, but rather a philosophical defense of a just conception of slavery. Even so the Pope’s justification of the buying and selling of slaves flew in the face of a papal document issued by Gregory XVI twenty-seven years earlier {611428}. “Just titles” of slavery were approved by the Catholic Church in circumstances in which the person was deprived of their liberty justly. Specific examples in the past included slaves captured in war, persons condemned to slavery for a crime, and those who sold themselves into slavery. Even though the Vatican was defending “just titles” of slavery, this teaching has been seen as regressive and highly contradictory to true Catholicism. After this Instruction the distinction between just and unjust slavery in Catholic teaching would erode and twenty-one years later Pope Leo XIII {611844} would condemn slavery and openly support abolition throughout the world.
As this quotation demonstrates, capital punishment was approved in the Old Testament for criminals and hanging was a Biblically sanctioned method of execution.
This verse has been one of the bases of Muslim theocratic states like Iran’s claim to legitimacy. The word “govern” is sometimes translated as “judge.” In the context of the 6th century, there were no separation of powers as we know them and judging, governing and legislating were melded.
Note that not unlike Sharia, Islamic Law, this meant the death penalty for Witchcraft, Heresy, Adultery and Disobedient Children.
The Pope separates the church from the civil law to a degree that is a rarity amongst religions. Even Catholic Pope John Paul II who prohibited priests from holding political office always saw Papal and clerical influence on civil law making and interpretation as a fundamentally important role.
